|
Platformism is a tendency (or organized school of thought) within the anarchist movement. It stresses the need for tightly organized anarchist organizations that are able to influence working class and peasant movements. "Platformist" groups reject the model of Leninist vanguardism. They aim, instead, to "make anarchist ideas the leading ideas within the class struggle".〔Workers Solidarity Movement, 2012, "Why You Should Join the Workers Solidarity Movement" |url=http://flag.blackened.net/revolt/once/join.html |accessdate=5 January 2012|〕 The four main principles by which an anarchist organisation should operate, according to ''Platformists'', are ideological unity, tactical unity, collective responsibility, and federalism. In general, platformist groups aim to win the widest possible influence for anarchist ideas and methods in the working class and peasantry—like especifismo groups, platformists orient towards "ordinary" people, rather than to the extreme left milieu. This usually entails a willingness to work in single-issue campaigns, trade unionism and community groups, and to fight for immediate reforms while linking this to a project of building popular consciousness and organisation. They therefore reject approaches that they believe will prevent this, such as insurrectionist anarchism, as well as "views that dismiss activity in the unions" or that dismiss anti-imperialist movements.〔Anarkismo, 2012, "About Us" |url=http://www.anarkismo.net/about_us |accessdate=5 January 2012|〕 The name "Platformist" derives from the 1926 ''Organisational Platform of the General Union of Anarchists (Draft)''. This was published by the Group of Russian Anarchists Abroad, in their journal ''Dielo Truda'' ("Workers' Cause" in Russian). The group, which consisted of exiled Russian anarchist veterans of the 1917 October Revolution (notably Nestor Makhno who played a leading role in the anarchist revolution in the Ukraine of 1918–1921), based the ''Platform'' on their experiences of the revolution, and the eventual victory of the Bolsheviks over the anarchists and other groups. The ''Platform'' attempted to address and explain the anarchist movement's failures during the Russian Revolution outside of the Ukraine. The document drew both praise and criticism from anarchists worldwide and sparked a major debate within the anarchist movement.〔Schmidt, M. and van der Walt, L. 2009. Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism (Counter-Power vol. 1). Edinburgh: AK Press. pp. 252-255〕 Today "Platformism" is an important current in international anarchism. Around thirty platformist and especifista organisations are linked together in the Anarkismo.net project, including groups from Africa, Latin America, North America and Europe.〔 At least in terms of the number of affiliated organisations (if not in actual membership in some countries),〔"In reply to the Platform, supporters of the "synthesis" counter by pointing to the fact that "Platformist" groups are usually very small, far smaller than "synthesis" federations (for example, compare the size of the French Anarchist Federation with, say, the Irish Workers Solidarity Movement or the French-language Alternative Libertaire)"("J.3.2 What are "synthesis" federations?" in An Anarchist FAQ )〕 the Anarkismo network is larger than other anarchist international bodies, like the synthesist〔"Most national sections of the International Anarchist Federation (IFA) are good examples of successful federations which are heavily influenced by "synthesis" ideas (such as the French and Italian federations)."("J.3.2 What are "synthesis" federations?" in An Anarchist FAQ )〕 International of Anarchist Federations and the anarcho-syndicalist International Workers' Association. It is not, however, a formal "international" and has no intention of competing with these other formations. ==Organisational ideas== The ''Platform'' describes four key organisational features which distinguish platformism: * Tactical unity — "A common tactical line in the movement is of decisive importance for the existence of the organisation and the whole movement: it avoids the disastrous effect of several tactics opposing each other; it concentrates the forces of the movement; and gives them a common direction leading to a fixed objective".〔From section on Tactical Unity in (The Platform )〕 * Theoretical unity — "Theory represents the force which directs the activity of persons and organisations along a defined path towards a determined goal. Naturally it should be common to all the persons and organisations adhering to the General Union. All activity by the General Union, both overall and in its details, should be in perfect concord with the theoretical principles professed by the union".〔From section on theoretical unity in (The Platform )〕 * Collective Responsibility — "The practice of acting on one's personal responsibility should be decisively condemned and rejected in the ranks of the anarchist movement. The areas of revolutionary life, social and political, are above all profoundly collective by nature. Social revolutionary activity in these areas cannot be based on the personal responsibility of individual militants".〔From section on Collective responsibility in (The Platform )〕 * Federalism — "Against centralism, anarchism has always professed and defended the principle of federalism, which reconciles the independence and initiative of individuals and the organisation with service to the common cause".〔All sourced from the (From section Federalism within the Organizational Section of the original document )〕 The ''Platform'' argues that "()e have vital need of an organisation which, having attracted most of the participants in the anarchist movement, would establish a common tactical and political line for anarchism and thereby serve as a guide for the whole movement". Unity, in short, meant unity of ideas and actions, as opposed to unity on the basis of the anarchist label. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Platformism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|